Adverse effects Intrauterine device

transvaginal ultrasonography showing perforated copper iud hyperechoic (rendered bright) line @ right, 3 centimeters away uterus @ left. iud surrounded hypoechoic (dark) foreign-body granuloma.

regardless of containing progestogen or copper, potential side effects of intrauterine devices include expulsion, uterus perforation, pelvic inflammatory disease (especially in first 21 days after insertion), irregular menstrual pattern. small probability of pregnancy remains after iud insertion, , when occurs there greater risk of ectopic pregnancy.

substantial pain insertion needs active management occurs in approximately 17% of nulliparous women , approximately 11% of parous women. in such cases, nsaid evidenced effective. however, no prophylactic analgesic drug have been found effective routine use women undergoing iud insertion.

also, iuds progestogen confer increased risk of ovarian cysts, , iuds copper confer increased risk of heavier periods.

menstrual cup companies recommend women iuds considering using menstrual cups should consult gynecologists before use. there have been rare cases in women using iuds dislodged them when removing menstrual cups, however, can happen tampon use.

unlike condoms, iud not protect against sexually transmitted infections.