Systematics and taxonomy Musa (genus)

1 systematics , taxonomy

1.1 history
1.2 sections
1.3 species

1.3.1 section callimusa (incorporating australimusa)
1.3.2 section ingentimusa
1.3.3 section musa (incorporating rhodochlamys)
1.3.4 section undetermined or unknown
1.3.5 formerly placed here

systematics , taxonomy
history

the genus musa first named carl linnaeus in 1753. name latinization of arabic name fruit, mauz (موز). mauz meaning musa discussed in 11th-century arabic encyclopedia canon of medicine, translated latin in medieval times , known in europe. muz turkish , persian name fruit. sources assert musa named antonius musa, physician emperor augustus. word banana came english spanish , portuguese, in turn apparently obtained west african language (possibly wolof).

from time of linnaeus until 1940s, different types of edible bananas , plantains given linnaean binomial names, such musa cavendishii, if species. in fact, edible bananas have extremely complicated origin involving hybridization, mutation, , selection humans. edible bananas seedless (parthenocarpic), hence sterile, propagated vegetatively. giving of species names complex, largely asexual, hybrids (mostly of 2 species of wild bananas, musa acuminata , musa balbisiana) led endless confusion in banana botany. in 1940s , 1950s, became clear botanists cultivated bananas , plantains not usefully assigned linnean binomials, better given cultivar names.

food served on banana leaf, traditional way of serving food more popular in southern india


sections

ernest entwistle cheesman carried out major revision of musaceae in 1940s. following approach, genus musa divided 5 sections: ingentimusa, australimusa, callimusa, musa, , rhodochlamys. these reduced 3 in 2002. previously, 2n = 20-chromosome species separated sections australimusa , callimusa , 2n = 22-chromosome species separated sections musa , rhodochlamys. studies have shown genetic differences between each section in same chromosome group smaller within each section. means traditional separation of sections can no longer substantiated. wong s studies do, however, maintain separation between 20- , 22-chromosome species. @ present, 2n = 14 chromosome ingentimusa section remains distinct.

species

the world checklist of selected plant families accepts 68 species , 2 primary hybrids, of january 2013, listed below. assignment sections based on grin (where gives species), regrouped according wong et al.

section callimusa (incorporating australimusa)

fruit stalk of musa sp.



banana flowers

[a] , [c] indicate known placement in former sections australimusa , callimusa, respectively.

m. × alinsanaya r.v.valmayor [a]
m. azizii häkkinen
m. barioensis häkkinen
m. bauensis häkkinen & meekiong [c]
m. beccarii n.w.simmonds [a]
m. boman argent [a]
m. borneensis becc. [c]
m. bukensis argent [a]
m. campestris becc. [c]
m. coccinea andrews [c] – scarlet banana
m. exotica r.v.valmayor [c]
m. fitzalanii f.muell. [a] – extinct
m. gracilis holttum [c]
m. hirta becc. [a]
m. insularimontana hayata [a]
m. jackeyi w.hill [a]
m. johnsii argent [a]
m. lawitiensis nasution & supard. [c]
m. lokok geri & ng
m. lolodensis cheesman [a]
m. maclayi f.muell. ex mikl.-maclay [a]
m. monticola m.hotta ex argent [a]
m. muluensis m.hotta [a]
m. paracoccinea a.z.liu & d.z.li [c]
m. peekelii lauterb. [a]
m. salaccensis zoll. ex backer [a]
m. textilis née [a] – abacá
m. × troglodytarum l. [a] – cultivated fe bananas
m. tuberculata m.hotta [a]
m. violascens ridl. [c]
m. viridis r.v.valmayor et al.
m. voonii häkkinen

section ingentimusa

m. ingens n.w.simmonds

section musa (incorporating rhodochlamys)

musa acuminata inflorescence



japanese fiber banana (musa basjoo) flowering @ cotswold wildlife park



musa ornata roxburgh in china



pink banana (musa velutina) flower



m. acuminata colla – wild seeded banana, 1 of 2 main ancestors of modern edible banana cultivars

m acuminata ssp. zebrina [= m. sumatrana] – blood banana
m. aurantiaca g.mann ex baker
m. balbisiana colla – wild seeded banana, 1 of 2 main ancestors of modern edible banana cultivars
m. banksii f.muell.
m. basjoo siebold & zucc. ex iinuma – japanese fiber banana, hardy banana
m. cheesmanii n.w.simmonds
m. chunii häkkinen
m. griersonii noltie
m. itinerans cheesman
m. laterita cheesman
m. mannii h.wendl. ex baker
m. nagensium prain
m. ochracea k.sheph.
m. ornata roxb.
musa × paradisiaca l. = m. acuminata × m. balbisiana – many of cultivated edible bananas
m. rosea baker
m. rubinea häkkinen & c.h.teo
m. rubra wall. ex kurz
m. sanguinea hook.f.
m. schizocarpa n.w.simmonds
m. siamensis häkkinen & rich.h.wallace
m. sikkimensis kurz
m. thomsonii (king ex baker) a.m.cowan & cowan
m. velutina h.wendl. & drude – pink banana
m. yunnanensis häkkinen & h.wang – yunnan banana, wild forest banana
m. zaifui häkkinen & h.wang

section undetermined or unknown

varigated form of musa sp.



musa sp.



m. arfakiana argent
m. celebica warb. ex k.schum.
m. juwiniana meekiong
m. kattuvazhana k.c.jacob
m. lanceolata warb. ex k.schum.
m. lutea r.v.valmayor et al.
m. sakaiana meekiong et al.
m. shankarii subba rao & kumari
m. splendida a.chev.
m. tonkinensis r.v.valmayor et al.
m. yamiensis c.l.yeh & j.h.chen

formerly placed here

ensete davyae (stapf) cheesman (as m. davyae stapf)
ensete gilletii (de wild.) cheesman (as m. gilletii de wild. or m. martretiana a.chev.)
ensete glaucum (roxb.) cheesman (as m. glauca roxb.)
ensete lasiocarpum (franch.) cheesman (as m. lasiocarpa franch.) – placed in separate genus musella lasiocarpa (franch.) c.y.wu ex h.w.li
ensete livingstoniana (j. kirk) cheesman (as m. livingstoniana j.kirk)
ensete perrieri (stapf) cheesman (as m. perrieri claverie)
ensete superbum (roxb.) cheesman (as m. superba roxb.)
ensete ventricosum (welw.) cheesman (as m. arnoldiana de wild., m. ensete j.f.gmel. or m. ventricosum (welw.) cheesman)
heliconia bihai (l.) l. (as m. bihai l.)




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