Infectious Diseases Health in Cambodia

1 infectious diseases

1.1 tuberculosis
1.2 malaria
1.3 dengue fever
1.4 hiv/aids

infectious diseases

major infectious diseases include high risk of food or waterborne diseases including bacterial , protozoal diarrhoea, hepatitis a, , typhoid fever. vector borne diseases include dengue fever, japanese encephalitis, , malaria.

cambodia has been certified being polio free since october 2000.

tuberculosis

tuberculosis incidence , prevalence declined significantly, , within 20 years 1990 2010, incidence rate declined 25%, , prevalence rate declined 48%. efforts through active screening, such outreach activities conducted national centre tuberculosis , leprosy control, , introduction of directly observed treatment short course (dots) in 1990s drastically drastically reduced burdens due tb in cambodia.

malaria

malaria remains endemic in rural cambodia, affecting more 3 million people. although reported cases of malaria , malaria mortality have decreased, since disease more prevalent in rural areas there no public health facilities keeps track of numbers, actual number of cases expected higher.

dengue fever

dengue fever prevalent among children in between 4 , 6 years old, living in urban cambodia. dengue fever introduced in cambodia in 1980, incidences have been increasing since then. however, case fatality rate has decreased 15% 0.3% 1980 2010

hiv/aids

hiv emerged major infection affecting lives of approximately 2.4% of population in 1998. major public health work has been done reduce prevalence rate through implementing education , promoting safe sex via condom use targeted specific population groups @ core of infection web, including commercial sex workers, injecting drugs users, men have sex men. of interventions implemented include awareness of safer sex , condom use campaign, universal access hiv testing, , prophylaxis hiv positive mothers reduce mother-to-child transmission of virus.

cambodia’s hiv/aids epidemic spread through heterosexual transmission , revolves largely around sex trade. hiv transmission occurs in sexual partnerships 1 partner has engaged in high-risk behaviors. women constitute growing share of people living hiv/aids, comprising estimated 47 percent of people living hiv/aids in 2003, compared 37 percent in 1998.

this increased proportion of infections among women may reflect declining prevalence rates among males, deaths among males infected in years of cambodia’s epidemic. significantly, low prevalence rate in general population masks far higher prevalence rates in sub-populations, such injecting drug users, people in prostitution, men have sex men, karaoke hostesses , beer girls, , mobile , migrant populations.

by 2014, hiv prevalence reduced 0.4 percent through successful prevention program. however, in 2015 massive outbreak of hiv stemming roka occurred. cause thought reuse of syringes unlicensed doctor operating in region has since been jailed.