Migration history Chinese people in Germany

1 migration history

1.1 19th century world war i
1.2 weimar , nazi periods
1.3 division , reunification of germany

migration history
19th century world war i

though not known local chinese communities formed later, earliest chinese in germany, feng yaxing , feng yaxue, both guangdong, first came berlin in 1822 way of london. cantonese-speaking seafarers, employed on german steamships stokers, coal trimmers, , lubricators, began showing in ports such hamburg , bremen around 1870. forty-three lived there 1890. labour unions , social democratic party disapproved of presence; 1898 boycott of chinese crews, motivated racial concerns, resulted in 30 october 1898 passage of law reichstag stating chinese not employed on shipping routes australia, , employed on routes china , japan in positions whites not take because detrimental health. mass layoffs of chinese seafarers resulted. aside seafarers, students formed other major group of chinese living in germany @ turn of century. in 1904, @ time of sun yat-sen s visit germany , other western european countries, more twenty joined anti-qing chinese united league organised in berlin. there groups of travelling entertainers shandong, smaller proportion zhejiang, came germany overland, travelling through russia , poland reach berlin.

weimar , nazi periods

chinese formed fourth largest group of foreign students in germany mid-1920s. many became involved radical politics, in berlin; joined communist party of germany, , responsible setting chinese-language section, zirkel für chinesische sprache. chinese communists such zhu de , liao chengzhi remained active in late 1920s , 1930s; liao succeeded in organising strike among chinese sailors in hamburg prevent shipment of armaments china.

the nazis, came power in 1933, did not classify racially inferior chinese or japanese, because of chinese community had ties leftist movements, fell under increased official scrutiny regardless, , many left country, either heading spain fight in civil war raging there, or returning china. late 1935, overseas chinese affairs commission s statistics showed 1,800 chinese still living in germany; more 1 thousand of these students in berlin, while few hundred seafarers based in hamburg. however, number shrank 1,138 1939. in 1942, 323 still lived in berlin arrested , sent langer morgen work camp. end of world war ii, every chinese restaurant in hamburg had closed.

division , reunification of germany

after war, chinese government sent officials organise repatriation few hundred chinese remained in germany. of 148 hamburg, one, survivor of langer morgen, declined repatriation; opened peace restaurant, hamburg s first post-war chinese restaurant. however, departed replaced new immigrants. in 1947, there 180 chinese in berlin s western sector, , 67 in eastern sector; year later, numbers had grown 275 , 72, respectively. establishment of people s republic of china , subsequent recognition east germany, many traders moved east berlin, expecting there better protected homeland s new government. west germany did not formally recognise republic of china on taiwan (roc) , did not establish relations people s republic of china prc until 1972.

migration of ethnic chinese west germany in 1960s , 1970s drawn communities of british chinese , chinese in netherlands. other re-migrants came italy, portugal, , spain. german authorities preferred not issue residence permits prc nationals. regardless, numbers of prc , roc nationals in germany continued increase, 477 former , 1,916 later 1967. in addition individual migrants, both prc , roc provided workers specific skills germany under bilateral agreements. roc sent total of 300 nurses in 1960s , 1970s. in case of prc, agreement signed in 1986 china provide 90,000 industrial trainees east germany barely implemented time berlin wall fell; out of 90,000 whom chinese agreed send, barely 1,000 went, , 40 had gone home december 1990. immigration prc west germany larger east germany; in 1983, number of prc nationals living there surpassed number of roc nationals, , 1985 had grown 6,178, versus 3,993 roc nationals. 8 years later, numbers had more quintupled; 31,451 prc nationals lived in germany, opposed 5,626 roc nationals. there tens of thousands of ethnic chinese not included in either of above categories, vietnamese people of chinese descent , hong kong residents british national (overseas) passports.