Initial period .28August 1830 .E2.80.93 November 1830.29 July Monarchy

1 initial period (august 1830 – november 1830)

1.1 symbolic establishment of new regime
1.2 permanent disorder
1.3 purge of legitimists
1.4 resistance , movement

initial period (august 1830 – november 1830)
the symbolic establishment of new regime

silver five-franc coin featuring louis philippe

on 7 august 1830, 1814 charter revised. preamble reviving ancien régime suppressed, , king of france became king of french , (also known citizen king ) establishing principle of national sovereignty on principle of divine right. new charter compromise between doctrinaires opposition charles x , republicans. laws enforcing catholicism , censorship repealed , revolutionary tricolor flag re-established.

louis-philippe pledged oath 1830 charter on 9 august setting beginnings of july monarchy. 2 days later, first cabinet formed, gathering constitutionalist opposition charles x, including casimir perier, banker jacques laffitte, count molé, duke of broglie, françois guizot, etc. new government s first aim restore public order, while @ same time appearing acclaim revolutionary forces had triumphed. assisted people of paris in overthrowing legitimists, orleanist bourgeoisie had establish new order.

louis-philippe decided on 13 august 1830 adopt arms of house of orléans state symbols. reviewing parade of parisian national guard on 29 august acclaimed adoption, exclaimed leader, lafayette: worth more me coronation @ reims! . new regime decided on 11 october people injured during revolution (500 orphans, 500 widows , 3,850 people injured) given financial compensation , presented draft law indemnifying them in amount of 7 million francs, creating commemorative medal july revolutionaries.

ministers lost honorifics of monseigneur , excellence , became monsieur le ministre. new king s older son, ferdinand-philippe, given title of duke of orléans , prince royal, while daughters , sister, adélaïde d orléans, named princesses of orléans – , not of france, since there no longer king of france nor house of france.

unpopular laws passed during restoration repealed, including 1816 amnesty law had banished regicides – exception of article 4, concerning bonaparte family. church of sainte-geneviève once again returned functions secular building, named panthéon. various budget restrictions imposed on catholic church, while 1825 anti-sacrilege act envisioned death penalties sacrilege repealed.

a permanent disorder

civil unrest continued 3 months, supported left-wing press. louis-philippe s government not able put end it, because national guard headed 1 of republican leaders, marquis de la fayette, advocated popular throne surrounded republican institutions. republicans gathered in popular clubs, in tradition established 1789 revolution. of fronts secret societies (for example, blanquist société des amis du peuple), sought political , social reforms, or execution of charles x s ministers (jules de polignac, jean de chantelauze, count de peyronnet , martial de guernon-ranville). strikes , demonstrations permanent.

in order stabilise economy , secure public order, in autumn of 1830 government had assembly vote credit of 5 million francs subsidize public works, roads. then, prevent bankruptcies , increase of unemployment, in paris, government issued guarantee firms encountering difficulties, granting them 60 million francs. these subsidies went pockets of big entrepreneurs aligned new regime, such printer firmin didot.

the death of prince of condé on 27 august 1830, found hanged, caused first scandal of july monarchy. without proof, legitimists accused louis-philippe , queen marie-amélie of having assassinated ultra-royalist prince, alleged motive of allowing son, duc d aumale, hands on fortune. commonly accepted prince died result of sex games mistress, baroness de feuchères.

purge of legitimists

conference hall of chamber of deputies @ palais bourbon.

meanwhile, government expelled administration legitimist supporters refused pledge allegiance new regime, leading return political affairs of of personnel of first empire, had been expelled during second restoration. renewal of political , administrative staff humorously illustrated vaudeville of jean-françois bayard. minister of interior, guizot, re-appointed entire prefectoral administration , mayors of large cities. minister of justice, dupont de l eure, assisted secretary general, mérilhou, dismissed of public prosecutors. in army, general de bourmont, follower of charles x commanding invasion of algeria, replaced bertrand clauzel. generals, ambassadors, plenipotentiary ministers , half of conseil d État replaced. in chamber of deputies, quarter of seats (119) submitted new election in october, leading defeat of legitimists.

in sociological terms, however, renewal of political figures did not mark great change of elites; land-owners, civil servants , liberal professions continued dominate state of affairs, leading historian david h. pinkney deny claim of new regime of grande bourgeoisie . historian guy antonetti underscores similar sociological membership of new elites, main difference residing in substitution, inside same social group, of followers of mentality favoured spirit of 1789 opposed it: socially similar, ideologically different. 1830 change of team on same side, , not change of sides.

the resistance , movement

although voices began push closure of republican clubs, fomented revolutionary agitation, minister of justice, dupont de l eure, , parisian public prosecutor, bernard, both republicans, refused prosecute revolutionary associations (although french law prohibited meetings of more 20 persons).

however, on 25 september 1830, minister of interior guizot responded deputy s question on subject stigmatizing revolutionary state , conflated chaos, opposed glorious revolution . 2 political currents thereafter made appearance, , structure political life under july monarchy: movement party , resistance party. first reformist , in favor of support nationalists trying, on of europe, shake grip of various empires in order create nation-states. mouthpiece le national. second conservative , supported peace european monarchs, , had mouthpiece le journal des débats.

the trial of charles x s ministers, arrested in august 1830 while fleeing, became major political issue. left demanded heads, opposed louis-philippe, feared spiral of violence , renewal of revolutionary terror. thus, on 27 september 1830 chamber of deputies passed resolution charging former ministers, @ same time, in address king louis-philippe on 8 october, invited him present draft law repealing death penalty, @ least political crimes. in turn provoked popular discontent on 17 , 18 october, masses marching on fort of vincennes ministers detained.

following these riots, interior minister guizot requested resignation of prefect of seine, odilon barrot, had criticized parliamentarians address king. supported victor de broglie, guizot considered important civil servant not criticize act of chamber of deputies, particularly when had been approved king , government. dupont de l eure took barrot s side, threatening resign if king disavowed him. banker laffitte, 1 of main figures of parti du mouvement, thereupon put himself forward coordinate ministers title of president of council. led broglie , guizot, of parti de l ordre, resign, followed casimir perier, andré dupin, count molé , joseph-dominique louis. confronted parti de l ordre s defeat, louis-philippe decided put laffitte trial, hoping exercise of power discredit him. called him form new government on 2 november 1830.