Expansion in the Middle East Ögedei Khan

after destroying khwarazmian empire, genghis khan free move against western xia. in 1226, however, jalal ad-din mingburnu, last of khwarizm monarchs, returned persia revive empire lost father, muhammad ‘ala al-din ii. mongol forces sent against him in 1227 defeated @ dameghan. army marched against jalal al-din scored pyrrhic victory in vicinity of isfahan unable follow success.

with Ögedei s consent launch campaign, chormaqan left bukhara @ head of 30,000 50,000 mongol soldiers. occupied persia , khorasan, 2 long-standing bases of khwarazmian support. crossing amu darya river in 1230 , entering khorasan without encountering opposition, chormaqan passed through quickly. left sizable contingent behind under command of dayir noyan, had further instructions invade western afghanistan. chormaqan , majority of army entered northern section of persia known mazandaran in autumn of 1230, avoiding mountainous area south of caspian sea. region controlled ismailis.

upon reaching city of rey, chormaqan made winter camp there , dispatched armies pacify rest of northern persia. in 1231, led army southward , captured cities of qum , hamadan. there, sent armies regions of fars , kirman, rulers submitted, preferring pay tribute mongol overlords rather having states ravaged. meanwhile, further east, dayir steadily achieved goals in capturing kabul, ghazni, , zawulistan. mongols in control of persia, jalal al-din isolated in transcaucasia banished. of persia added mongol empire.