Health problems in Bangladesh Health in Bangladesh

1 health problems in bangladesh

1.1 communicable disease
1.2 non-communicable disease

1.2.1 diabetes
1.2.2 eye disease related diabetes ( diabetic retinopathy)


1.3 environmental sanitation
1.4 malnutrition

1.4.1 causes of malnutrition
1.4.2 effects of malnutrition in bangladesh

1.4.2.1 health effects
1.4.2.2 economic effects


1.4.3 efforts combat malnutrition
1.4.4 maternal , child health

health problems in bangladesh

due huge number of population, bangladesh faces double burden of diseases: non-communicable diseases: diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, stroke, chronic respiratory diseases, cancer , communicable diseases: tuberculosis, hiv, tetanus, malaria, measles, rubella, leprosy , on.

the health problems of bangladesh include communicable , non-communicable disease, malnutrition, environmental sanitation problems, , others.

communicable disease

from historical aspect, known communicable diseases formed major bulk of total diseases in developing , tropical countries such bangladesh. 2015 via millennium development goals, communicable diseases targeted, bangladesh attained significant control on communicable diseases. expanded immunization programme against 9 major diseases (tb, tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, polio, hepatitis b, haemophilus influenza type b, measles, rubella) undertaken implementation.

non-communicable disease

however, recent statistics shows non-communicable disease burden has increased 61% of total disease burden due epidemiological transition. according national ncd risk factor survey in 2010, 99% of survey population revealed @ least 1 ncd risk factor , ~29% showed >3 risk factors .social transition, rapid urbanization , unhealthy dietary habit major stimulating reasons behind high prevalence of non-communicable diseases in bangladesh remarkably in under-privileged communities such rural inhabitants, urban slum dwellers .

diabetes

diabetes, 1 of 4 priority non-communicable diseases targeted world leaders has become major health problem globally(415 million adults diabetes in 2015 , 2040 number increase 642 million) . more 2 third of diabetic adults (75%) low , middle income countries due demographic changes, cultural transition , population ageing. among dominant identified risk factor of burden of diseases in south asian countries, diabetes placed in seventh position. remarkably, bangladesh placed in top tenth position (7.1 million) among countries highest number of diabetes adults in world. therefore, co-jointly india , sri lanka, bangladesh constituted 99.0% of adult high blood sugar in south asian region. previous studies show prevalence of diabetes increasing in rural population of bangladesh. observed females have higher prevalence of diabetes male both in rural , urban areas. lacks of self-care, unhealthy dietary habit, , poor employment rate considerable factors behind higher prevalence of diabetes among females in our country. however, compared europeans , americans, pattern of diabetes in bangladesh displays differences such onset @ younger age , major diabetic population non-obese. such clinical differences, limited access health care, increase life expectancy, ongoing urbanization , poor awareness among population increase prevalence , risk of diabetes in bangladesh belgium|edition=7|url=http://www.diabetesatlas.org}}</ref> .

eye disease related diabetes ( diabetic retinopathy)

the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in bangladesh 1 third of total diabetic population (nearly 1.85 million) .these recent estimates higher western countries , similar asian malays living in singapore. sharp economic transition, urbanization, technology based modern life style, tight diabetes control guidelines , unwillingness receive health care thought risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in bangladesh.unfortunately attain emerging health problem, current capacity in country diagnose , treat diabetic retinopathy limited few centers. till year (2016), per record of national eye care under hpnsdp (health population nutrition sector development program), 10,000 people diabetic retinopathy have received services secondary , tertiary hospitals screening programs have been established.

environmental sanitation

the difficult problem tackle in country perhaps environmental sanitation problem multi-faceted , multi-factorial. twin problems of environmental sanitation lack of safe drinking water in many areas of country , preventive methods of excreta disposal.

indiscriminate defecation resulting in filth , water born disease diarrhea, dysentery, enteric fever, hepatitis, hook worm infestations.
poor rural housing no arrangement proper ventilation, lighting etc.
poor sanitation of public eating , market places.
inadequate drainage, disposal of refuse , animal waste.
absence of adequate mch care services.
absence and/ or adequate health education rural areas.
absence and/or inadequate communications , transport facilities workers of public health.

malnutrition

bangladesh suffers of severe malnutrition problems. present per capita intake 1850 kilo calorie standard, below required need. malnutrition results convergence of poverty, inequitable food distribution, disease, illiteracy, rapid population growth , environmental risks, compounded cultural , social inequities. severe undernutrition exists among families of landless agricultural labourers , farmers small holding.

specific nutritional problems in country are—

deficiency of vit-a.

child malnutrition in bangladesh amongst highest in world. two-thirds of children under age of 5 under-nourished , 60% of children under age six,are stunted. of 1985, more 45 percent of rural families , 76 percent of urban families below acceptable caloric intake level. malnutrition passed on through generations malnourished mothers give birth malnourished children. one-third of babies in bangladesh born low birth weight, increasing infant mortality rate, , increased risk of diabetes , heart aliments in adulthood. 1 neonate dies in bangladesh every 3 4 minutes; 120 000 neonates die every year.

the world bank estimates bangladesh ranked 1st in world of number of children suffering malnutrition. in bangladesh, 26% of population undernourished , 46% of children suffers moderate severe underweight problem. 43% of children under 5 years old stunted. 1 in 5 preschool age children vitamin deficient , 1 in 2 anaemic. women suffer malnutrition. provide family food pass on quality food essential nutrition.

causes of malnutrition

most terrain of bangladesh low-lying , prone flooding. large population of country lives in areas @ risk of experiencing extreme annual flooding brings large destruction crops. every year, 20% 30% of bangladesh flooded. floods threaten food security , effects on agricultural production cause food shortage.

the health , sanitation environment affects malnutrition. inadequacies in water supply, hygiene , sanitation have direct impacts on infectious diseases, such malaria, parasitic diseases, , schistosomiasis. people exposed both water scarcity , poor water quality. groundwater found contain high arsenic concentration. sanitation coverage in rural areas 35% in 1995.

almost 1 in 3 people in bangladesh defecates in open among poorest families. 32% of latrines in rural areas attain international standards sanitary latrine. people exposed feces in environment daily. immune system falls , disease processes exacerbate loss of nutrients, worsens malnutrition. diseases contribute through loss of appetite, lowered absorption of vitamins , nutrients, , loss of nutrients through diarrhoea or vomiting.

unemployment , job problems lead malnutrition in bangladesh. in 2010, unemployment rate 5.1%. people not have working facilities year round , unable afford minimum cost of nutritious diet due unsteady income.

effects of malnutrition in bangladesh
health effects

undernourished mothers give birth infants have difficulty growing , developing healthy teenager. develop health problems such wasting, stunting, underweight, anaemia, night blindness , iodine deficiency. result, bangladesh has high child mortality rate , ranked 57 in under-5 mortality rank.

economic effects

as 40% of population in bangladesh children, malnutrition , health effects among children can potentially lead lower educational attainment rate. 50% of age group of children in bangladesh managed enroll secondary school education. result in low-skilled , low productivity workforce affect economic growth rate of bangladesh 3% gdp growth in 2009.

efforts combat malnutrition

many programmes , efforts have been implemented solve problem of malnutrition in bangladesh. unicef government of bangladesh , many other ngos such helen keller international, focus on improving nutritional access of population throughout life-cycle infants child-bearing mother. impacts of intervention significant. night blindness has reduced 3.76% 0.04% , iodine deficiency among school-aged children has decreased 42.5% 33.8%.

maternal , child health

one in 8 women receive delivery care medically trained providers , fewer half of pregnant women in bangladesh seek ante-natal care. inequity in maternity care reduced ensuring accessibility of heath services. 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births bangladesh 340. compared 338.3 in 2008 , 724.4 in 1990. . in bangladesh number of midwives per 1,000 live births 8 , lifetime risk of death pregnant women 1 in 110.