Introduction Health in Cambodia

1 introduction

1.1 health systems context: brief background of history, economy, , governance.
1.2 health care inequality
1.3 dual burden of disease
1.4 life expectancy

introduction
health systems context: brief background of history, economy, , governance.

cambodia gained independence france in 1953, road self-governance prove difficult. in 1967, cambodian civil war broke out , following decade turned out disastrous country , cambodian people. vietnam war spread across border , initiated massive bombing campaigns in cambodia, further aggravated civil war , destroyed infrastructure , agricultural resources in entire eastern half of country, in particular rural areas. in 1970, coup d’état, supported united states, brought down cambodian government of king norodom sihanouk , khmer republic, unstable military republican regime, installed. civil war progressed, regime overthrown khmer rouge in 1975 , in aftermath, internal genocide began, further destroying economy , capital city, massacred intellectuals, , crumbled country apart, resulting in deaths of around 1.7 million people (21% of population) in total. khmer rouge came demise in 1989, , united nations took on , sponsored national election supported numerous developmental agencies , nongovernmental organizations (ngos) come cambodia, helped in rebuilding of country.

cambodia officially no longer country of military conflict, has experienced period of relative political stability in response 1998 election. response political stability, country has experienced significant , consistent economic growth, deprived foundation. specific, cambodia experienced gross domestic product (gdp) increase of more 7% per year. of 2012, cambodia has reached gdp per capita of usd $944, right on verge of achieving threshold lower middle-income country status of usd $1035. although economy has been growing, gains have not been equally distributed. of income gain has been distributed exclusively urban population.

health care inequality

inequality in health care persists between people of different socioeconomic backgrounds, prominently contrasted between rural , urban population. according cdhs data in 2010, rate of children under 5 moderate severe malnutrition or acute respiratory infection more twice high in children living in rural areas compared living in urban areas, children in lowest quintile household compared in highest quantile household.

dual burden of disease

dual burden of disease refers prevalence of both infectious , chronic disease in each population, due shifts in diet , physical activity pattern in response globalization, in low , middle countries. currently, rate of non-communicable diseases occurring in cambodia has been rising, , mortality due non-communicable increasingly matching number of death due infectious disease. such dual burden/epidemiological transition infectious chronic disease burden has been identified, burden death due infectious disease has shifted towards deaths due injuries , chronic diseases, bush cardiovascular disease, cancers, , respiratory diseases. malnutrition remains major risk factor children’s health. childhood stunting, wasting, , underweight due malnutrition remains problem in cambodia. mortality data suggests emerging burdens injuries (traffic accidents), high blood pressure, heart disease, , liver cancer.

life expectancy

average life expectancy @ birth determined 71.4 years in 2012. specifically, average life expectancy females has been 74.2 years, , average males has been 68.8 years. significant, more 2 times longevity increase 29.6 years in 1980.