Reign under Hasan-Jalal Dawla House of Hasan-Jalalyan

1 reign under hasan-jalal dawla

1.1 culture
1.2 hasan-jalal s armenian synaxarion
1.3 mongol invasion

reign under hasan-jalal dawla
culture

with surrender of ani byzantine empire in 1045 , byzantine annexation of kars in 1064, final independent armenian state in historic armenia, bagratuni kingdom, came end. however, despite foreign domination of region, became more pronounced after seljuk turks defeated byzantines @ battle of manzikert in 1071, armenians in eastern armenia able maintain autonomy in 2 mountainous kingdoms of syunik , lori , in principality of khachen. mid-12th century, combined georgian , armenian armies successful in pushing turks out of eastern armenia, thereby establishing period of relative peace , prosperity until appearance of mongols in 1236.

khachen used part of syunik until numerous turkic invasions severed rest of kingdom. reign of hasan-jalalyan family concentrated around terter , khachenaget rivers. hasan-jalal s birth date unknown; reign, beginning in 1214 , ending @ time of death sometime between 1261-1262 in qazvin, encompassed both artsakh , surrounding armenian regions. when father vakhtank died in 1214, hasan-jalal inherited lands , took residence in castle @ akana in jraberd. addressed titles tagavor (king; armenian: թագավոր) or inknakal (autocrat or absolute ruler; ինքնակալ) took official title of king of artsakh , balk when married daughter of final king of dizak-balk. medieval armenian historian kirakos gandzaketsi extolled hasan-jalal in work history of armenia, lacing him praise piety , devotion christianity:

he was...a pious , god-loving man, mild , meek, merciful, , lover of poor, striving in prayers , entreaties 1 lived in desert. performed matins , vespers unhindered, no matter might be, monk; , in memory of resurrection of our savior, spent sunday without sleeping, in standing vigil. fond of priests, lover of knowledge, , reader of divine gospels.

the gandzasar monastery in present-day martakert, went on serve family sepulcher , religious see, completed in 1240.

a further testament devotion included hasan-jalal s commissioning of gandzasar monastery. construction of monastery began in 1216 , lasted until 1238. on july 22, 1240, amid great celebration during vardavar celebrations , in presence of 700 priests including nerses, catholicos of albania, church consecrated. monastery went on become residence , sepulcher of family house of catholicos; beginning in 15th century, family monopolized control on seat of catholicos itself, thereon in pass down uncle nephew. hasan-jalal s son john vii considered first have established practice when became catholicos whereas nephew, named john, became second.

despite faithfulness christianity, muslim influence in region had pervaded , influenced culture , customs of christians living in georgia , armenia, after seljuk turks invaded caucasus. byzantine art scholar anthony eastmond, example, notes many of outward manifestations of [hasan-jalal s] rule presented through islamic customs , titles, notably in depiction on principal foundation of gandzasar. image of hasan-jalal on drum of gandzasar s dome has him sitting cross-legged, eastmond remarks predominant device depicting power @ seljuq court. muslim influence seen in hasan-jalal s name: fashion of time, many armenians adopted arabic patronymics (kunya) lost connexion original armenian names. hasan-jalal s armenian name haykaz arabic words in name, in fact, described person; thus, hasan meant handsome; jalal, grand; dawla, wealth , governance.

hasan-jalal s armenian synaxarion

gandzasar became home armenia s first completed haysmavurk (synaxarion), calendar collection of short lives of saints , accounts of important religious events. idea have new, better organized haysmavurk came hasan-jalal himself, placed request father israel (ter-israel), disciple of important armenian medieval philosopher , artsakh native known vanakan vardapet. haysmavurk further developed kirakos gandzaketsi. ever since, haysmavurk ordered hasan-jalal became known synaxarion of ter-israel; mass printed in constantinople in 1834.

mongol invasion

the remains of hasan-jalal s fortress of khokhanaberd, seen gandzasar, seen on mountain on left.

in 1236, ilkhanate mongol armies invaded caucasus. prior them entering khachen, hasan jalal , people able take refuge @ ishkhanberd (located directly south of gandzasar; known persian name of khokhanaberd). given formidable location atop mountain, mongols chose not besiege fortress , sued negotiations hasan-jalal: exchanged loyalty , military service mongol empire in return of immediate lands adjacent khachen had conquered. later, in 1240-1242 hasan jalal had struck coins of common mongol types in khachen on mints of qarabāgh (in khokhanaberd) , lajīn (in havkakhaghats berd).

feeling need preserve power, hasan-jalal traveled twice karakorum, capital of mongol empire, able obtain special autonomy rights , privileges himself , people under domain ruling khan. despite arrangement, mongols viewed many of people of region contempt , taxed them excessively. arghun khan, regional mongol ostikan @ time, placed many restrictions against armenians prompted hasan-jalal in 1256 journey capital once more protest against encroachments upon catholicos nerses. in response, batu khan drafted document guaranteeing freedom lord nerses, katolikos of albania, properties , goods, free , untaxed , allowed travel freely everywhere in dioceses under authority, , no 1 disobey said.

royal standard of principality of khachen (kingdom of artsakh) during reign of grand prince hasan jalal vahtangian (1214-1261)

hasan-jalal attempted strengthen alliances mongols having daughter rhuzukan marry bora noyan, son of mongol leader. relations between armenians , mongols continued deteriorate however, , document issued khan failed uphold promises.

finally, in 1260, hasan-jalal decided ally himself forces of georgian king david narin, leading insurrection against mongol rule. captured several times mongols yet family able free him paying ransom. insurrection failed , under orders of arghun khan, hasan-jalal arrested once more , taken qazvin, (now in iran). according kirakos ganzaketsi, rhuzukan appealed hulagu khan s wife doquz khatun, pressure arghun free father. however, arghun khan learned of this, had hasan-jalal tortured , executed. hasan jalal s son atabek ordered several of men iran retrieve father s dismembered body, had been tossed well; upon bringing back, body given proper funeral , buried @ gandzasar monastery.